What imaging technique can show bone and soft tissue abnormalities in the TMJ?

The most appropriate imaging technique for showing both bone and soft tissue abnormalities in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is particularly valuable in assessing soft tissues, including the articular disc of the TMJ, ligaments, and muscles, as it provides high-resolution images without the use of ionizing radiation.

While cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is excellent for imaging bone structure with less radiation exposure compared to traditional CT, it primarily focuses on bony details and might not provide adequate visualization of the soft tissues. This makes it less suitable for comprehensive evaluation of conditions that involve both bone and soft tissue abnormalities in the TMJ.

X-ray imaging is limited in its ability to depict soft tissue and typically provides only a two-dimensional view of bone structure. It does not effectively demonstrate the morphology or any pathological changes in the soft tissues around the TMJ.

Computed tomography (CT) can effectively evaluate bone structures and can highlight certain features of soft tissue; however, it is still less optimal than MRI for detailed assessment of soft tissue abnormalities.

Thus, MRI is the technique that stands out as the most effective for visualizing a combination of bone and soft tissue abnormalities in the TMJ.